Music for a Sunday Afternoon

Chamber music at Dominion-Chalmers

2024-06-02 15:00 2024-06-02 17:00 60 Canada/Eastern 🎟 NAC: Music for a Sunday Afternoon

https://nac-cna.ca/en/event/33740

Join us for an intimate afternoon of chamber music at Carleton Dominion-Chalmers Centre with special guests and some of NACO’s fantastic musicians. A perfect way to spend your Sunday afternoon!  - Complete programming to be announced - 

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Carleton Dominion-Chalmers Centre,355 Cooper St,Ottawa
Sun, June 2, 2024
Carleton Dominion-Chalmers Centre 355 Cooper St Ottawa

Last updated: May 29, 2024

Program

SERGEI PROKOFIEV Quintet in G minor, Op. 39 (22 min)
I. Tema con variazioni
II. Andante energico
III. Allegro sostenuto, ma con brio
IV. Adagio pesante
V. Allegro precipitato, ma non troppo presto
VI. Andantino

Anna Petersen, oboe
Kimball Sykes, clarinet
Jessica Linnebach, violin
Paul Casey, viola
Max Cardilli, double bass

BOHUSLAV MARTINŮ Suite from La revue de cuisine (15 min)
I. Prologue: Allegretto marcia
II. Tango: Lento – Andante – Lento
III. Charleston: Poco a poco allegro – Tempo di charleston
IV. Final: Tempo di marcia – Allegretto

Kimball Sykes, clarinet
Darren Hicks, bassoon
Karen Donnelly, trumpet
Emily Kruspe, violin
Marc-André Riberdy, cello
Vadim Serebryany, piano

INTERMISSION

IGOR STRAVINSKY Suite from Histoire du soldat (26 min)
I. Marche du soldat (Soldier’s March)
II. Musique de la première scène (Petits airs au bord du ruisseau / Song at River’s Bank)
III. Musique de la deuxième scène (Pastorale)
IV. Marche royale (Royal March)
V. Petit concert (Little Concert)
VI. Trois danses : tango, valse, ragtime (Three Dances: Tango, Waltz, Ragtime)
VII. Danse du diable (Devil’s Dance)
VIII. Grand choral (Grand Chorale)
IX. Marche triomphale du diable (Devil’s Triumphant March)

Kimball Sykes, clarinet
Darren Hicks, bassoon
Karen Donnelly, trumpet
Steven Dyer, trombone
Jonathan Wade, percussion
Jessica Linnebach, violin
Max Cardilli, double bass

Repertoire

Sergei Prokofiev

Quintet in G minor, Op. 39

I. Tema con variazioni
II. Andante energico
III. Allegro sostenuto, ma con brio
Iv. Adagio pesante
V. Allegro precipitato, ma non troppo presto
VI. Andantino

In 1918, Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953) left Russia, then in the grips of revolutionary fervour, to seek professional opportunities as a composer and performer elsewhere. He went first to New York, then to Ettal, in southern Germany. Five years later, newly married and about to be a father, he decided to settle in Paris, then the epicentre of all things cultural and artistic. Although his ballet The Buffoon, which had been commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev of the famed Ballets Russes, had had a successful premiere there in 1921, Prokofiev’s first years in the “city of light” were challenging as he sought to make his mark as a composer. While he continued to perform to make ends meet, he hoped to create new works that would further establish his reputation. 

One of these pieces was the Second Symphony, for the conductor Serge Koussevitsky, which Prokofiev began to compose during the summer of 1924. Around that time, he also accepted another commission of a different ilk—“a ballet for a roving dance troupe [Boris Romanov’s Romantic Theatre] which wished to present a program of several short pieces accompanied by five instruments,” he noted. “I proposed a quintet consisting of oboe, clarinet, violin, viola, and double bass. The simple plot, based on circus life, was titled Trapeze.” In conceiving his ballet this way, Prokofiev intended for the score to be played as a stand-alone concert piece—the Quintet, Op. 39—thus maximizing opportunities for performance. Romanov’s company premiered Trapeze in late 1925 in Berlin, while the Quintet was first performed in March 1927 in Moscow during Prokofiev’s tour of the USSR. The latter was soon after performed in Paris, where it earned the admiration of the French composer Francis Poulenc.

Among Prokofiev’s works, the Quintet, Op. 39, is considered one of his more radical creations. Its six movements feature melodies both spikey and smooth-lined, sharply juxtaposed for contrasting effect, as well as clashing harmonies, irregular rhythms, and complex polyphonic textures. Along with the Quintet’s distinctive instrumentation (likely influenced by Stravinsky’s Histoire du soldat), the piece is characterized by an energetic playfulness that evokes the circus-theme idea.

The oboe opens the first movement with a melody inflected with acerbic dissonances, which becomes the basis for two variations—one lyrical and the other lively—after which the theme is reprised. In the second movement, double bass alone introduces a robust tune that is subsequently taken up in turn by each of the instruments, which spin out different variants. The “circus-y” third movement is built on a fluctuating rhythmic pattern (it originally confounded the dancers of Romanov’s troupe) with rapid melodic flourishes suggesting high-flying acrobatics. 

In the Adagio pesante, Prokofiev combines disparate sonorities of the quintet’s instruments to somewhat eerie effect, beginning with a winding melody in the oboe overtop tremolos played “near the bridge” of the violin, undulating figures in the clarinet and viola, and a pulsating drone in the double bass. As the movement progresses, the layers thicken and reach an impassioned peak, then subside to the close. The fifth movement has even greater circus energy than the third, filled with rough-and-tumble motives and elements—ferocious accents, pointillistic pizzicato, rushing scales.

A stately minuet starts off the final movement, with oboe and clarinet in dialogue, to which the violin then adds its own silvery counterpoint. Soon, the minuet morphs into a lilting trio, featuring rocking motives in the woodwinds that introduce a violin and double bass duet. Later, violin and viola punch out dissonant chords, which ultimately dissolve into a wandering bass line that leads us back to a shortened reprise of the minuet. After a raucous climax on the rocking figures from the trio, viola and double bass play a tumultuous passage to bring the quintet to a brusque finish.

Bohuslav Martinů

Suite from La revue de cuisine

I. Prologue: Allegretto marcia
II. Tango: Lento – Andante – Lento
III. Charleston: Poco a poco allegro – Tempo di charleston
IV. Final: Tempo di marcia – Allegretto

Czech composer Bohuslav Martinů (1890–1959) first visited Paris in 1919 while on tour as a violinist with the Czech Philharmonic. He returned there four years later, on a scholarship from the ministry of education to study with the composer Albert Roussel; what was supposed to be a three-month stint turned into an 18-year stay. Like many musicians in his day (including his contemporary Sergei Prokofiev), he was drawn to Paris’s vibrant cultural life, then characterized by its openness to diversity and artistic experimentation. In his first years there, Martinů absorbed many of the new musical styles and influences the city had to offer, particularly jazz, which was being brought over from the United States by African American performers and had become all the rage with Parisians. Jazz became a formative influence on his music from the mid-1920s to the early 1930s; indeed, Martinů was one of several other Czech composers living in Paris at the time, who, according to his biographer James Rybka, “endeavoured to blend the rhythmic and instrumental freedom found in jazz with their Bohemian melodies.”

Martinů’s one-act ballet La revue de cuisine (The Kitchen Review) from 1927 is the first of his works to incorporate jazz elements. Commissioned by Jarmila Kröschlová, it was premiered by her Ballet Group in Prague in November that year. It received mixed reviews then (the composer reportedly said it was “chewed out” by the critics there), but it was later very well received in Paris. A concert suite adaptation of the score, which was performed at one of Alfred Cortot’s concerts, became a hit in 1930, and was also recorded and published. Martinů was particularly proud of the work, and it remained one his favourite compositions.

Based on Kröschlová’s scenario Pokušení svatouška hrnce (Temptation of the Saintly Pot), the ballet is about the romantic quandaries of a group of kitchen utensils. Pot and Lid are happily married but their union is threatened when the flirtatious Twirling Stick seduces Pot, stirring up such passion that Lid falls off it and rolls away. With Pot’s attentions thus engaged, Dishcloth tries to lure Lid but is stopped by Broom, who challenges Dishcloth to a duel. Pot wants Lid back, but Lid can’t be found until an enormous foot appears to kick it back on to the stage, and they are joyfully reunited.

Scored for clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, violin, cello, and piano (an instrumentation that basically replicates the sound of jazz bands of the period), four of the ballet’s ten movements are part of the suite you’ll hear today. The opening Prologue starts with a trumpet fanfare after which the ensuing march gets off to a humorously clumsy start in the piano with chords in off-kilter rhythms. The cello resets on a bustling theme with rapid scales and glissando effects, which the violin then picks up. The perky fanfare motive returns and is developed by the instruments, as swirling figures, suggesting the Twirling Stick, join the musical mix. Listen out for the jazzy syncopations that later come to fore, further animating the march to the end.

Martinů based the next two numbers on two popular dances of the time, both imported into Paris from elsewhere: the Latin American tango, and the Charleston, the American flapper dance from South Carolina. In the Tango (subtitled “Dance d’amour” in the ballet), cello, muted trumpet, and bassoon each take a turn with its languid melody. A sultry haze of impressionistic chordal harmonies then appears in the piano, after which the final melodic strain dissolves on the cello. From the tango’s dissolution, the bassoon emerges, musing on a turning figure that becomes a wandering chromatic line. Cello, then clarinet join in, picking up momentum and the rest of the instruments along the way to arrive at a lively Charleston, led by the trumpet.

The Final recalls the march fanfare and the piano’s jaunty chords from the Prologue, but then gives way to a succession of tunes referencing disparate popular musical styles (what Rybka describes as Martinů’s “multi-cultural punning”). First, clarinet, violin, and cello engage in a merry contrapuntal episode on the march theme; it’s followed by a cheerful tune on the violin, soon joined by the clarinet, with the piano accompanying in “reverse stride” style. The latter briefly introduces the Charleston, but the cheerful tune resumes, leading to a lyrical, folk-like melody sweetly sung by the violin with trumpet on a countermelody based on the march theme. Thereafter, these various materials return, gradually animated by the piano’s Charleston rhythms, and finally unite in joyous revelry.

IGOR STRAVINSKY

Suite from Histoire du soldat

I. Marche du soldat (Soldier’s March)
II. Musique de la première scene (Petits airs au bord du ruisseau / Song at River’s Bank)
III. Musique de la deuxième scene (Pastorale)
IV. Marche royale (Royal March)
V. Petit concert (Little Concert)
VI. Trois danses : tango, valse, ragtime (Three Dances: Tango, Waltz, Ragtime)
VII. Danse du diable (Devil’s Dance)
VIII. Grand choral (Grand Chorale)
IX. Marche triomphale du diable (Devil’s Triumphant March)

Between 1914 and 1920, Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971) was exiled in Switzerland, due to events of the First World War and the October Revolution. From 1915, he and his family settled in Morges, where he befriended a group of Swiss-French writers, including the novelist Charles Ferdinand Ramuz, to whom he was introduced by the conductor Ernest Ansermet. Ramuz became a frequent guest at Stravinsky’s “Villa Rogivue” and was invited by the composer to translate the Russian texts of Renard and Les Noces into French. With Ansermet’s encouragement, they soon decided to collaborate on a new work, not least because they were in financially precarious circumstances and needed to earn income.

The result was Histoire du soldat (Tale of the Soldier), a theatre piece to be “read, played, and danced.” By employing smaller forces of three actors (rather than singers), a dancer, and a chamber ensemble (instead of an orchestra) plus a simple stage design, they envisioned the work to be toured around the theatres of Switzerland, thus maximizing performance opportunities (and income) during austere times. The first production of Histoire, backed by Swiss philanthropist Werner Reinhart, was staged (with Ansermet conducting) in Lausanne on September 18, 1918, to mixed reception. Unfortunately, the Spanish flu epidemic prevented further presentations as all Swiss public halls were closed. However, Reinhart continued to support Stravinsky by funding a concert series featuring the composer’s chamber music that included a new suite of five numbers from Histoire, arranged for violin, clarinet and piano, which was first performed on November 8, 1919. The following year, Stravinsky created a longer “grande suite” using Histoire’s original instrumentation that premiered at London’s Wigmore Hall on July 20, 1920. You’ll hear the latter version in this afternoon’s concert.

Based on several Russian folk tales that were published by Alexander Afanasyev (1826–1871), the scenario of Histoire du soldat is a bitter story about a soldier who tussles with the Devil and is ultimately defeated. To underscore this bleak plot, Stravinsky brings together various forms of popular music, including a march, a waltz, a tango, a ragtime, and a Lutheran chorale, on which he creates inventively subtle modern parodies. Throughout, the composer’s writing highlights the disparate timbres of the ensemble, which consists of pairs of high- and low-voiced instruments from each instrumental family—violin and double bass, clarinet and bassoon, trumpet and trombone—plus a battery of percussion. Textures are spare and the overall soundscape has a rough and rustic quality.

To give context for the movements of this suite, a synopsis of the work is provided below:

Joseph Duprat, a soldier, has been granted leave and is on his way home (Soldierʼs March). Along the way, he rests by a stream and takes out his violin, one of his prized possessions, and fiddles around with a tune. As he’s playing (Song at River’s Bank), the Devil, disguised as an old man with a butterfly net, silently approaches him, and startles him from behind. The Devil offers to buy Joseph’s violin (read: his soul) in exchange for a magic book that can make the soldier rich beyond measure. Seeing that the book contains prophecies about the future, Joseph agrees to the exchange and the Devil invites him to spend three days with him, teaching him how to play the violin. When the soldier returns to his village, he feels things are strange. He goes to his fiancée’s house and discovers she’s already married with children. His friends and neighbours run away from him as if they’ve seen a ghost. He suddenly realizes that not three days, but three years have passed, and he’s lost what’s most dear to him. In his grief, he wonders what he should do (Pastorale).

The Devil reappears as a cattle merchant and encourages Joseph to use the magic book. The soldier becomes very wealthy, but he discovers he only wants what he had before. He attempts to buy back his violin from an old woman (the Devil in another disguise), only to find out he can’t play it since it makes no sound. He heads off to the tavern to soothe himself with drink. While there he hears that the king’s daughter is ill, and he has promised her hand to anyone who can cure her. Joseph decides to go to the king’s palace (Royal March—this is in the style of a Spanish pasodoble, spotlighting the trumpet.)

The Devil is already there disguised as a violin virtuoso. He tells Joseph that he will free him from his curse if he can lose all his money back to him in a game of cards. The soldier does this, and he is able to play his violin again. He performs a lively number (Little Concert); the princess is miraculously revived by Joseph’s playing and begins a series of dances (Three Dances: Tango, Waltz, Ragtime). As the princess and Joseph embrace, the Devil shows up, now undisguised. Joseph succeeds in defeating him by playing his violin (Devil’s Dance), leaving him contorted and exhausted. But the Devil is not done with the soldier: he warns Joseph that should he dare to leave the castle, he will regain control of him.

Over the Lutheran-style “Grand choral”, the narrator, in the original theatre piece, states the moral of the tale: “you must not seek to add to what you already have…no one can have it all.” Joseph, however, can’t resist bringing his new bride to his old home. Crossing the threshold of the castle, he turns back to find the princess gone and the Devil waiting for him. In the Devil’s Triumphant March, the music gets leaner as it proceeds, with the other instruments gradually dropping out until only the percussion is left to bring the work to its chilling close. 

Program notes by Hannah Chan-Hartley, PhD

Artists

  • rt-0405-2
    Featuring Musicians from the NAC Orchestra
  • anna-petersen-2
    Oboe Anna Petersen
  • Clarinet Kimball Sykes
  • darren-hicks
    Bassoon Darren Hicks
  • Trumpet Karen Donnelly
  • Trombone Steven Dyer
  • Percussion Jonathan Wade
  • Violin Jessica Linnebach
  • Violin Emily Kruspe
  • Viola Paul Casey
  • Cello Marc-André Riberdy
  • Double Bass Max Cardilli
  • vadim-serebryany-from-web-400px
    Piano Vadim Serebryany